Rubber Plantation Management (English)

Management Rubber Plantation (Chairil Anwar) 

1.  1. Rubber Cultivation Technology 
   To build the necessary rubber plantation management and technology
   rubber cultivation which includes, the following activities:
   • Terms grow rubber plants
   • Clone-clone rubber recommendation
   • Planting materials / seeds
   • The pre-planting and planting
   • Maintenance of crop: weed control, fertilizing and
   disease control
   • Tapping / harvest
   
   Basically the rubber plant requirements against the need to support the growth of climatic conditions and soil conditions as the growth media.
    Climate
   Areas suitable for rubber is in the zone between 150 South Latitude 150 North latitude. Outside the recommended location, the growth of rubber plants is not optimal.

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MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF LATEX GLOVES

Making latex exam gloves is a multi-stage process to ensure quality, medical-grade gloves are produced. The quality of gloves will differ based on how the factories treat each manufacturing stage. The following pages illustrate what these stages are to make exam gloves from gathering the raw materials to making the final inspection.

Making latex exam gloves start from collecting the raw material needed which is natural rubber. After workers tap the rubber trees for latex sap, the materials are sent to the glove factories where they will be combined according to the glove specifications. At the glove factories, exam glove formers go through stages of dipping, powdering, rinsing, and drying until latex gloves are made. For detailed process, click the following to observe the different phases of manufacturing latex exam gloves.

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History of Synthetic Rubber (English)

Source:http://www.iisrp.com/WebPolymers/00Rubber_Intro.pdf

Synthetic Rubber The importance of the rubber industry ever since it first appeared and the decisive role that it has played in the development of modern civilization prompted much interest in discovering its chemical composition in order to synthesize this product. Through these research projects, the tire industry saw the possibility of breaking away from the grip of the world's natural rubber plantations.

The drop in natural rubber production in Brazil coincided with World War I (1914-1918), triggering the need for lower-cost products with steadier supplies in order to manufacture tires. The pressures imposed by the conquest of the plantations of Asia by the Japanese prompted the development of a rubber that was able to meet the extraordinarily high demands of the troops at that time, although its structure differed somewhat from its natural counterpart.

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High global prices to push natural rubber exports

The natural rubber (NR) market is set to take a U-turn, with India, a net importer till now, likely to increase its exports, since global prices are ruling higher than domestic prices for some weeks.

The market here quoted Rs 190a kg for RSS-4 grade on Wednesday, while in Bangkok spot trade it was quoted at Rs 202 a kg. A couple of weeks before, the domestic price was higher by Rs 14-16 a kg than the international tags. This change may trigger a rise in export from India. Analysts also say if lower domestic prices prevail for a longer period, India may be an attractive centre for importing nations.

The Thai government’s decision to intervene in the market to bail out growers had triggered a spurt in international prices.

In January, the Thai government decided to procure 200,000 tonnes of rubber to arrest a fall in prices. The government plans to spend $535 million for market intervention to boost prices.

On January 24, the Cabinet granted 15 billion bahts at zero interest to rubber cooperatives and the Rubber Estate Organisation for market intervention operations.

The money is for purchasing RSS-3 grade sheet rubber with an aim of pushing prices up to 120 baht a kg, after keeping 200,000 tonnes of stock. Thai NR prices have since advanced to their highest level in 12 weeks.

According to experts here, this is the major factor behind the sharp increase in global prices. According to N Radhakrishnan, former president, the Cochin Rubber Merchants Association, Chinese buying was earlier expected to decrease thanks to the lower economic growth there. This caused a fall in prices, as excess production was estimated for this year. According to the latest forecasts, Chinese consumption is likely to go up and there might not be a glut in the NR market. This also supported the recent rise in prices.

The Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries projects only a marginal growth of 0.3 per cent in production for January-March of 2012. So, most of the physical factors governing the global mart favour a rally in prices in the quarter.

A whopping 320 per cent increase was recorded in rubber exports during April-December period of the current financial year. A total of 22,472 tonnes were shipped in the period, as against 7,293 tonnes in the same period last year.

There has been a slowdown in import, as only 133,693 tonnes were brought in compared to 166,463 tonnes last year.

In April-December, 717,485 tonnes were consumed domestically, as against 708,705 tonnes in the same period last year. Total production in the nine-month period was 679,100 tonnes, as against 651,150 tonnes earlier.

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Management Disease on Rubber Plants

Mushroom Parasite called Rigidoporus Microporus

The disease can be spotted on the white mushroom around the roots. The leaves of the rubber plant will be turning yellowish pale with curly leaves. More leaves will be fall and the branches are dying. Sometimes the mushroom parasite color is yellowish during early stage. During later stage, the root will be rotten and can be contagious. Therefore early management is urgent and crucial with 80% success rate. Usually this disease commonly be found in 1-5 years old rubber plant. Recommended disease management:

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BRIEF HISTORY & INTRODUCTION OF RUBBER

Rubber was known to the indigenous peoples of the Americas long before the arrival of European explorers. In 1525, Padre d'Anghieria reported that he had seen Mexican tribespeople playing with elastic balls. The first scientific study of rubber was undertaken by Charles de la Condamine, when he encountered it during his trip to Peru in 1735. A French engineer that Condamine met in Guiana, Fresnau studied rubber on its home ground, reaching the conclusion that this was nothing more than a "type of condensed resinous oil".

The first use for rubber was an eraser. It was Magellan, a descendent of the famous Portuguese navigator, who suggested this use. In England, Priestley popularized it to the extent that it became known as India Rubber. The word for rubber in Portuguese - borracha - originated from one of the first applications for this product, when it was used to make jars replacing the leather borrachas that the Portuguese used to ship wine.

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Rubber under pressure on higher inventories in Japan

Higher natural rubber inventories in Japan is likely to put pressure over the price of the commodity in Tokyo commodity and Derivative Exchange (TOCOM) even though production concerns persist in Thailand.

According to reports, the natural rubber inventories in Japan, one of the major consumer of natural rubber, reached to the highest in 5 years which is likely to affect the price of the commodity.

On Monday, In TOCOM, the rubber futures for October delivery traded as low as 299.9 yens as the elections in Greece and France revived investor concerns that Europe's debt problems could hurt demand.

But the prices are likely to move up as the production concerns in Thailand, one of the largest producer of natural rubber, still persists even though the Wintering is about to end.

In TOCOM, the rubber futures for October delivery traded at 304.7 yen per Kg on Tuesday.

And in India's National Multi Commodity and Derivatives Exchange (NMCE), the commodity traded at Rs 19164 per ton on 8th May at 12:15 IST.

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GAPKINDO ASOSIATON

Gabungan Perusahaan Karet Indonesia (Gapkindo) or the Rubber Association of Indonesia is an association of Indonesian enterprises dealing in rubber.The objective of Gapkindo is to develop and improve production, processing and marketing of Indonesian natural rubber as one of the important export products of Indonesia.

 Members of Gapkindo comprise of rubber plantations (state-owned, private-national as well as foreign-capital), processors, exporters, traders (brokers, dealers) and buyer representative.  As of June 2009 total membership counts to 161 companies.

Gapkindo organization consists of a Governing Board in the Jakarta Secretariat and Branches in each rubber producing province, namely North Sumatera (including Aceh), West Sumatera, Riau, Jambi, South Sumatera, Lampung,Bengkulu, West Kalimantan, South/Central Kalimantan, and Java,

Gapkindo was founded in Jakarta on May 25, 1971 during the peak of movement to establish production of technically specified rubber in Indonesia, which is presently well-known as Standard Indonesian Rubber (SIR).  At first, the name of the association was Persatuan Pengusaha Karet Spesifikasi Teknis Indonesia (PPKSTI) or the Indonesian Association of Technically Specified Rubber Producers.  This was later changed to Gapkindo, hence The Rubber Association of Indonesia to include also producers of others types of natural rubber, traders and buyer representatives.

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An Introduction to Rubber Technology

Andrew Ciesielski

Rapra Technology Limited

Preface

This book is written as an introduction to the subject of rubber technology, leaving the in depth specialization to other texts. “Introduction to Rubber Technology” is aimed at those people who simply wish to gain a basic overall understanding of this field. Thus the purchasing agent, engineer, polymer chemist, student of rubber technology, shop floor manager, and indeed the president and upper management, involved in the industry will want to read this book. Customers who use rubber in their products can obtain an understanding of those technical aspects with which they are unfamiliar from this book. A knowledge of the content of the eight chapters will also provide the reader with a communication tool for discussing the subject with a rubber specialist.

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RUBBER AND ARTICLES THERE OF Notes.

CHAPTER 40

RUBBER AND ARTICLES THERE OF Notes.

1.-Except where the context otherwise requires, throughout the Nomenclature the expression " rubber " means the

following products, whether or not vulcanised or hard : natural rubber, balata, gutta-percha, guayule, chicle and

similar natural gums, synthetic rubber, factice derived from oils, and such substances reclaimed.

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RUBBER ARTICLES, TUBINGS AND CONNECTORS

RUBBER ARTICLES, TUBINGSAND CONNECTORS

RUBBER ARTICLES, TUBINGS, CONNECTORS 0209
13100 Silicone adapter,
15/22mm
13101 Silicone adapter,
22/22mm
52012 ISO 22mm female cone/
22mm tube nipple
52013 ISO 22mm male cone/
20mm tube nipple
52017 ISO 22mm male/female
cone, angled
13919 ISO 30mm male cone/
22mm tube nipple
13920 ISO 30mm female cone/
22mm tube nipple
12955 Dameca Y-piece with
90O angle, black,
antistatic, ISO
12952 Dameca Y-piece with
90O angle, white, ISO

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SIGNIFICANCE OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

Teacher’s Sourcebook VHSE • Rubber Technology
SIGNIFICANCE OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

The ultimate aim of education is human refinement. Education should nable he learner to formulate a positive outlook towards life and to accept a stand which suits the well being of the society and the individual as well. The attitude and potential to work has determined the destiny, progress and cultural development of the human race. As we all are aware, the objective of education is to form a society and individuals having a positive work culture. The educational process expected in and outside our formal schools should concentrate upon inculcating concepts, abilities, attitudes and values in tune with these work culture. Hence vocationalised education cannot be isolated from the main stream of education. In another sense, every educational process should be vocationalised. However due to our inability to utilize the resources wisely, scarcity of job opportunities is a severe issue of the present society. For overcoming this deep crisis, emergent techniques have to be sorted out and appropriate researches have to be seriously carried out. It is in the sense that the content and methodology of Vocational Higher Secondary Education have to be approached. The need for meaningful linkages between the world of work and world of education is well recognized. The essence of the recommendations made by various commissions and committees is that the vocationalisation should be the main feature of the future system of education at the higher secondary stage, it can be extended to school level also. Vocational education is a system of education which intends to prepare students for identified occupations , Spanning several areas of activities. The Vocational Higher Secondary course was envisaged as a part of the National Policy on Education with the noble idea of securing a job along with education. The relevance of vocational education is very great in this age of unemployment. This education system, which ensures a job along with higher education stands aloof from other systems of education. This education imparts the life skills required by the youth to enter the world of work and

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